NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 2 Summarize a Passage

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Capella university

NURS-FPX 8045 Doctoral Writing and Professional Practice

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Summarize a Passage

Pathophysiology and Complications

Pulmonary hypertension refers to elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which transport blood between the heart and lungs. This abnormal elevation in pressure can cause arterial narrowing and restrict blood flow, placing additional strain on the heart. As a result, the heart must exert more effort to circulate blood, potentially leading to heart failure. The oxygen supply to the lungs may also become compromised, worsening respiratory function and contributing to further complications affecting organs such as the kidneys and lungs (Brown et al., 2011).

Risk Factors and Clinical Manifestations

The etiology of pulmonary hypertension encompasses a broad spectrum, including inherited factors and secondary causes like autoimmune conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic disorders. This condition shows a higher prevalence among certain groups, particularly women, older adults aged 75 and above, and individuals identifying as Black. Commonly observed clinical signs include difficulty breathing, fainting spells, and discomfort in the chest area. These symptoms can be persistent and debilitating, leading to a substantial decline in daily functioning and overall well-being (Brown et al., 2011).

Prevention and Treatment Strategies

While some cases of pulmonary hypertension may not be avoidable, preventive measures are available to reduce the likelihood of onset. These include managing preexisting hypertension and refraining from smoking or exposure to toxic substances. Though a definitive cure remains elusive, treatment protocols involve medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, oxygen therapy or surgical interventions. Early intervention and consistent management strategies are essential for slowing disease progression and enhancing patient outcomes (Brown et al., 2011).

Summarize a Passage

Heading	Key Points
Pathophysiology and Complications	Elevated pressure in pulmonary arteries; reduced oxygenation; increased cardiac workload; potential for heart failure and multi-organ impact.
Risk Factors and Clinical Manifestations	Includes congenital and disease-related origins; affects women, elderly, and Black individuals disproportionately; symptoms include chest pain and dyspnea.
Prevention and Treatment Strategies	Risk reduction through blood pressure control and tobacco avoidance; no cure but managed with medications, lifestyle adjustments, and oxygen therapy.

References

Brown, L. M., Chen, H., Halpern, S., Taichman, D., McGoon, M. D., Farber, H. W., … Elliott, C. G. (2011). Delay in recognition of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Factors identified from the REVEAL registry. Chest, 140(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-1166