Capella 4015 Assessment 3

Name

Capella university

NURS-FPX4015 Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Physical Assessment: A Holistic Approach to Patient-Centered Care

Prof. Name

Date

Concept Map: The 3Ps and Mental Health Care

Understanding Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a severe and widespread mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, diminished interest or pleasure in daily activities, chronic fatigue, disrupted sleep patterns, and significant changes in weight and appetite. Often triggered by distressing life events such as bereavement, trauma, or interpersonal losses, MDD can severely impair cognitive, emotional, physical, and social functioning (Bains & Abdijadid, 2023).

In the context of Ivy Jackson’s case, her symptoms and history are consistent with a diagnosis of MDD. Her nursing care approach emphasizes emotional stabilization and supports psychological recovery by addressing both the psychosocial background and clinical manifestations contributing to her condition.

Case Study Overview

Patient Background and Symptomatology

Ivy Jackson, a 63-year-old woman, recently experienced emotional turmoil following the end of her 38-year marriage due to her husband’s extramarital relationship. Since the separation, Ivy has exhibited significant signs of psychological distress, including persistent fatigue, insomnia, lack of appetite, unintentional weight loss, sadness, and mood instability. These symptoms have notably interfered with her ability to manage everyday tasks and reflect the classic presentation of MDD. Furthermore, a family history of depression elevates her risk, suggesting a genetic predisposition that contributes to the current episode.

Psychiatric Evaluation and Diagnosis

According to the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria, Ivy meets the threshold for Major Depressive Disorder. She reports at least five defining symptoms, such as prolonged depressed mood, anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure), and persistent fatigue, all persisting for more than two weeks and affecting her daily functioning. Although she has not expressed suicidal ideation, her emotional detachment, feelings of hopelessness, and social withdrawal warrant concern for potential clinical worsening in the absence of intervention.

Contributing Factors and Relapse Considerations

Multiple elements contribute to Ivy’s depressive state. The abrupt end of her marriage has been a substantial emotional blow. Compounding this is her family history of depression, which biologically predisposes her to mood disorders. Other significant contributors include her transition into the empty nest phase and the recent discontinuation of venlafaxine due to intolerable side effects. Medication cessation is well-documented as a risk factor for relapse in depressive disorders.

Treatment Recommendations and Recovery Strategy

Unlike temporary responses to grief or situational stressors, MDD involves persistent neurochemical imbalances, including dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonergic pathways (Bains & Abdijadid, 2023). Ivy’s treatment plan should combine pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic modalities. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as escitalopram, are preferred due to their tolerability and efficacy. Psychotherapeutic support through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help restructure negative thought patterns. Additionally, implementing lifestyle interventions—such as structured daily routines, regular physical exercise, and enhancing social support—can significantly contribute to long-term recovery and help prevent relapse.

Case Summary and Intervention Plan

References

Bains, N., & Abdijadid, S. (2023). Major depressive disorder. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559078/

Capella 4015 Assessment 3